England’s long-standing weakness at Levels 4 and 5 continues to limit productivity, progression and access to higher-level skills. Yet stronger higher technical routes will not be built through qualification reform alone. This report explores why demand for Higher Technical Qualifications remains weak and fragmented, despite clear employer need and growing interest in flexible, career-relevant learning. Drawing on interviews, policy analysis and sector evidence, it argues that HTQs will only achieve scale if they are better understood, better funded, more clearly linked to progression, and more closely aligned with how learners and employers actually make decisions.